Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world, caused by the Ebola virus. It is notorious for its rapid onset, severe symptoms, and high fatality rates, which can reach up to 90 percent in some outbreaks. First identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the virus has since caused multiple deadly outbreaks across Africa, drawing global attention and fear.

Ebola spreads through direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or tissues of infected individuals or animals. It is not transmitted through the air like some respiratory viruses, but contamination through broken skin or mucous membranes makes it highly contagious. Healthcare workers and family members caring for patients are at particular risk, highlighting the importance of strict infection control measures.

The disease begins with flu-like symptoms, including fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, and sore throat. As the virus progresses, it can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea, impaired kidney and liver function, and, in many cases, internal and external bleeding known as hemorrhagic fever. Death often occurs due to multi-organ failure or shock.

Treatment for Ebola is primarily supportive, focusing on hydration, electrolyte balance, and managing symptoms. Recently, experimental antiviral drugs and vaccines have shown promise in preventing infection and improving survival rates. Early detection and isolation of patients are crucial in controlling outbreaks.

Preventing Ebola involves avoiding contact with infected individuals or animals, practicing strict hygiene, and following public health guidelines during outbreaks. Vaccination campaigns in affected areas have become an essential tool in reducing transmission.

Ebola’s high fatality and frightening symptoms make it a disease that sparks global fear. However, with awareness, proper precautions, and rapid medical response, communities can reduce the spread and impact of this deadly virus, ultimately saving countless lives.