The Harmattan Season The Harmattan season is a unique weather phenomenon experienced in West Africa, typically between late November and early March. It occurs when dry, dusty winds blow from the Sahara Desert toward the Atlantic Ocean. These winds, known as the northeasterly trade winds, shape the climate in remarkable ways during this period. One of the most noticeable features of the Harmattan is the dryness. The air loses much of its moisture, causing the skin, lips, and throat to dry out easily. Many people experience cracked lips, dry coughs, and increased thirst. It is also common for people to use lip balms, moisturizers, and drink plenty of water to stay comfortable. Another defining element is the dust haze. Fine dust particles carried from the Sahara can reduce visibility and cover surfaces with a thin layer of dust. Mornings often appear foggy or misty, not because of moisture, but due to suspended dust in the air. This haze can affect transportation and sometimes cause mild respiratory issues, especially for people with asthma or allergies. Temperatures during the Harmattan can vary widely. The days are warm or hot, but nights and early mornings can be surprisingly cold, sometimes dropping enough to require sweaters or blankets. This sharp contrast is one of the season’s distinctive characteristics. Despite its challenges, the Harmattan season also has its benefits. The dryness helps reduce the spread of mosquitoes and some airborne diseases. Farmers may find the cooler nights helpful, and the clear skies—on days when the dust settles—make for beautiful sunsets. Overall, the Harmattan is a season of contrasts: hot days and cold nights, clear skies mixed with dust haze, and discomfort paired with beauty. It is an important part of West Africa’s climate and cultural experience, shaping daily life